gcc default include path

On linux:
>From where does gcc picks up header files like stdio.h by default? 
Does it configure gcc to pick header files from particular location at the
time of build?

On windows:
I copied cygwin directory from one of my friend's machine where cygwin was
installed to my machine.
however when i run gcc from windows command prompt i get an error displaying
"stdio.h : no such file or directory.
header files are already present in cygwin\usr\include.
I have placed cygwin on the same location where it was present in my friend
machine C:\cygwin.

In my PATH , i have set C:\cygwin\bin .



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